Evaluations of everyday life in Krasnoyarsk residents’ speech

Abstract

The article, based on the material of everyday speech of residents of Krasnoyarsk, examines the positions of evaluation in the semantic structure of a statement including presupposition, qualifying, actantial, proposition and modus. Due to the varying degrees of its explicitness and certainty, which is also related to the specifics of the listed positions, the evaluation has a different impact on the “right” context, which, as the analysis shows, develops in several directions including evaluation justification (arguments), transformation of the content of the evaluation (evaluation detailing / evaluation adjusting / alternative evaluation), transformation of the object field of the evaluation (object detailing / increasing the number of objects), interpretation of the impact potential of the evaluation (the purpose of the evaluation). Thus, in everyday speech, the introduction of an evaluative element regularly becomes a stimulus for the formation of a more or less long statement, and in some cases, an entire dialogue with evaluative content. The development of the axiological context is obviously influenced by factors of time, place and circumstances of communication. For example, the recreational mode when a person regularly finds themselves on vacation, during holidays or on weekends, in circumstances of outdoor recreation, “walks in the fresh air,” “friendly chat” correlates with attitudes towards a harmonious perception of the world around them, a loyal attitude to others and a positive evaluation. Given that the contextual development of an evaluation can acquire a proactive or reactive nature, based, respectively, on the communicative will of the author or from the addressee, the selected evaluation object, significant for the further development of the axiological micro-topic, is the addressee of the statement. This status of the second participant in the conversation stimulates the special activity of the author, who, in the circumstances of interpersonal contact, is ready to turn their qualifying attention to the addressee, move their position from the communicative (a participant in the conversation) to the substantive, axiological (evaluation object) plane, demonstrating their preference or, on the contrary, disapproval. The vocabulary of everyday evaluation is quite simple, often clichéd and not particularly diverse: khorosho (good); plokho (bad); normal'no ‘OK’; klassno, moshch ‘cool’; zhestko ‘tough’; molodets ‘well done’; etc. – the most frequent evaluation predicates.