Negative-prefix lexicon of vernacular dialects in relation to morpheme syntagmatics

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34680/VERBA-2025-3(17)-54-63

Keywords:

morphemic syntagmatics, negative prefixed vocabulary, Novgorod Regional Dictionary, Pskov Regional Dictionary

Abstract

This article is devoted to morphemic syntagmatics, an area considerably less explored than paradigmatic problems. The study is conducted using dialectal material. Negative-prefix lexicon in this paper refers to a set of derivative lexemes containing the prefixes ne- and bez- in their structure. Due to their specific nature, negative prefixes in vernacular dialects characterize the morphemic composition of an entire block of systemically related lexemes. The aim of this paper is to establish the specific combinability of negative prefixes within a dialectal word when the lexeme expresses an evaluative meaning. The primary sources of material are regional dictionaries recording the vocabulary of neighboring dialects: Pskov Regional Dictionary  and Novgorod Regional Dictionary. Data from other dialect dictionaries of the Russian North, as well as from the consolidated Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects, are used as comparative background material. A comprehensive examination of these dictionaries revealed groups of cognate negative-prefix lexemes, the structure of which expresses evaluative semantics. Analysis revealed that roots expressing positive evaluations are predominantly combined with the prefix ne-, while, conversely, roots containing negative evaluations are preferentially combined with the prefix bez-. However, it was established that the identified syntagmatic features of negative prefixes have limitations: they manifest themselves primarily in adjectival vocabulary or in words derived from adjectives. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the identified features of compatibility act more as a probability, rather than as a strict pattern. A large amount of comparative material demonstrates both the facts of the typical valence model and cases of deviation from it. The comparative analysis method applied in the study, focusing on morphemic syntagmatics, revealed the involvement of negative prefix vocabulary primarily in the names of traits characterizing a person by their physical attractiveness, strength and health, dexterity, and skill at work. Overall, the study demonstrated the fruitfulness of studying negative prefix vocabulary in dialects for reconstructing fragments of the linguistic worldview.

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Author Biographies

N. V. Bolshakova, Pskov State University, Pskov, Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. in Philology, Associate Professor, Head of the laboratory
“Socio-humanitarian regionics”
E-mail: bolshakova55@yandex.ru

T. V. Lysenkova, Pskov State University, Pskov, Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. in Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of Educational Technologies
E-mail: ziraf2024@mail.ru

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Published

2025-10-24

How to Cite

Bolshakova Н. В., & Lysenkova Т. В. (2025). Negative-prefix lexicon of vernacular dialects in relation to morpheme syntagmatics . Verba, 3(17), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.34680/VERBA-2025-3(17)-54-63

Issue

No. 3(17) (2025): Verba. Северо-Западный лингвистический журнал

Section

Dialect word: grammatical aspect

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